The constituent parts of a transformer include the core assembly (iron core, windings, insulation, and leads), transformer oil, the oil tank and cooling system, voltage regulation devices, protective devices (such as breathers, pressure relief vents, gas relays, conservators, and temperature monitoring devices), and bushings.
Specific Components and Functions:
(1) Iron Core. The iron core serves as the primary magnetic circuit component within the transformer. It is typically constructed by stacking laminations of hot-rolled or cold-rolled silicon steel, which feature a high silicon content, come in thicknesses of 0.35 mm, 0.3 mm, or 0.27 mm, and have their surfaces coated with an insulating varnish. The iron core is divided into two main parts: the core limbs (or columns) and the yokes. The core limbs house the windings, while the yokes serve to complete the magnetic circuit.
(2) Windings. The windings constitute the electrical circuit component of the transformer; they are wound using either double-insulated flat wire or enameled round wire. The fundamental operating principle of a transformer is electromagnetic induction. Using a single-phase, two-winding transformer as an example, the basic working principle can be illustrated as follows: When a voltage U1 is applied to the primary winding, a current I1 flows through it, generating an alternating magnetic flux (Φ1) within the iron core. This flux is referred to as the "main flux." Under the influence of this main flux, electromotive forces (EMFs) are induced in both the primary and secondary windings, ultimately driving the transformer's voltage regulation mechanisms.
