A transformer is a device that utilizes the principle of electromagnetic induction to alter alternating current (AC) voltage; its primary components are the primary coil, the secondary coil, and the iron core (magnetic core).
In electrical equipment and wireless circuits, transformers are commonly employed for purposes such as stepping voltage up or down, impedance matching, and safety isolation. In electric generators-whether the coil moves through a magnetic field or the magnetic field moves past a stationary coil-an electromotive force (EMF) is induced within the coil.
In both of these scenarios, while the magnitude of the magnetic flux itself remains constant, the quantity of magnetic flux *linking* with the coil undergoes variation; this constitutes the principle of mutual induction. A transformer is, therefore, a device that harnesses electromagnetic mutual induction to transform voltage, current, and impedance.
